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layout: default
title: User Guide - Windows
---
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>Chapter 2</h2>
<h1>Windows</h1><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2><a name="2.1">2.1 Anatomy of a Window</a></h2>Generally an application will have the following layout:<br />
<br />
<center>
<img src="guide/images/anatomy.gif" border="0" width="426" height="344" alt="[Anatomy of a Window]" /><br />
<br />
<table border="0" width="90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="right" valign="top"><br />
<font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman"><b>Titlebar</b></font></td>
<td align="left"><br />
<font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">The titlebar presents the name of the application, document or
window. It's color indicates the keyboard focus state and type of the window. You can use it to move, activate,
raise, lower and access the window commands menu.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman"><b>Miniaturize
button.</b></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">You can click on the miniaturize button to
miniaturize/iconify a window or click it with the <b>Meta</b> key pressed to hide the application.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right" valign="top"><br />
<font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman"><b>Close Button.</b></font></td>
<td align="left"><br />
<font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">The close button can be used to close a window or kill the
application, if the application can't understand the close message.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right" valign="top"><br />
<font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman"><b>Resizebar.</b></font></td>
<td align="left"><br />
<font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">You use the resizebar to (surprise!) resize a
window.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right" valign="top"><br />
<font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman"><b>Client Area.</b></font></td>
<td align="left"><br />
<font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">The client area is where the application show it's
information. If the window if inactive, you can click on it to activate it.</font></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.2"></a>
<h2><a name="2.2">2.2 Working With Windows</a></h2><a name="2.2"></a><br />
<br />
<a name="2.2.1"></a>
<h3><a name="2.2.1">2.2.1 Focusing a Window</a></h3><a name="2.2.1"></a><br />
Windows can be in two states: <i>focused</i> , or <i>unfocused.</i> The focused window (also called the key or active
window) has a black titlebar and is the window that receives keyboard input, ie: where you can type text. Usually it's
the window where you work on. Only one window may be focused at a time. Unfocused windows have a light gray titlebar.
Some applications have a special type of window, called dialog windows transient windows or panels. When these windows
are active, the window that owns them (the main window) get a dark gray titlebar. As soon as the dialog window is
closed, the focus is returned to the owner window.<br />
<br />
<br />
The image below shows an active Open File panel and it's owner window.<br />
<br />
<center>
<img src="guide/images/focus.gif" border="0" width="574" height="360" alt="[Focused, Unfocused, and Parent Window]" />
</center><br />
<br />
There are three styles of window focusing:<br />
<br />
<b>Click-to-Focus</b>,or manual focus mode. In click-to-focus mode, you explicitly choose the window that should be
focused. This is the default mode.<br />
<br />
<b>Focus-Follow-Mouse</b>,or auto-focus mode. In this mode, the focused window is chosen based on the position of the
mouse pointer. The window below the mouse pointer is always the focused window.<br />
<br />
<b>Sloppy-Focus</b>,or semi-auto-focus mode. This is similar to the focus-follow-mouse mode, but if you move the
pointer from a window to the root window, the window will not loose focus.<br />
<br />
You can choose between these modes with the <i>FocusMode</i> option<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<font face="Helvetica"><b>To focus a window in click-to-focus mode:</b></font>
<ul type="disc">
<li><font face="Helvetica">Click on the titlebar, resizebar or in the client area of the window with the left or
right mouse button.<br />
<br />
OR<br />
<br /></font></li>
<li><font face="Helvetica">Click on the titlebar with the middle mouse button. This will focus the window without
bringing it to the front.<br />
<br />
OR<br />
<br /></font></li>
<li><font face="Helvetica">Open the window list menu and select the window to focus.</font></li>
</ul><br />
When you click in the client area of an inactive window to set the focus, the click is normally processed by the
application. If you find this behaviour a little confusing, you can make the application ignore this click by using the
<i>IgnoreFocusClick</i> option.<br />
<br />
<br />
<font face="Helvetica"><b>To focus a window in focus-follow-mouse mode:</b></font>
<ul type="disc">
<li><font face="Helvetica">Move the pointer over the window you want to focus.</font></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.2.2"></a>
<h3><a name="2.2.2">2.2.2 Reordering Overlapping Windows</a></h3><a name="2.2.2"></a> Windows can overlap other
windows, making some windows be over or in front of others.<br />
<br />
<br />
<font face="Helvetica"><b>To bring a window to the front:</b><br /></font>
<ul type="disc">
<li><font face="Helvetica">Click on the titlebar or resizebar of the desired window with the left mouse button.<br />
<br />
OR<br />
<br /></font></li>
<li><font face="Helvetica">Select the desired window from the Window List menu.</font></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
Dialog/transient windows are always placed over their owner windows, unless the <i>OnTopTransients</i> option is
disabled. Some windows have a special attribute that allow them be permanently over normal windows. You can make
specific windows have this attribute use the <i>AlwaysOnTop</i> window option or set it in the Window Inspector
panel.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3><b>Extra Bindings</b></h3>
<center>
<table border="0" width="80%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Action</font></th>
<th align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Effect</font></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Meta-Click on the window
titlebar. with the left mouse button</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Sends the window to the
back.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Meta-Click on the Client Area of
the window with the left mouse button.</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Brings the window to the front
and focuses it.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Hold the Meta key and press the
Up Arrow key</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Brings the current focused
window to the front.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Hold the Meta key and press the
Down Arrow key</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Sends the current focused window
to the back.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.2.3"></a>
<h3><a name="2.2.3">2.2.3 Moving a Window</a></h3><a name="2.2.3"></a> To move the window around the screen, drag the
window through it's titlebar with the left mouse button pressed. This will also bring the window to the front and focus
the window.<br />
<br />
<br />
<font face="Helvetica"><b>To move a window:</b></font>
<ul type="disc">
<li><font face="Helvetica">Click on the titlebar of the window you want to move with the left mouse button and drag
it with the button pressed.</font></li>
</ul>While you move the window, a little box will appear in the screen, indicating the current window position in
pixels, relative to the top left corner of the screen. You can change the location of this position box by hitting the
Shift key during the move operation.<br />
<br />
In some rare occasions, it is possible for a window to be placed off screen. This can happen with some buggy
applications. To bring a window back to the visible screen area, select the window in the Window List menu. You can
prevent windows from doing that with the <i>DontMoveOff</i> window attribute.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3><b>Extra Bindings</b></h3>
<center>
<table border="0" width="80%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Action</font></th>
<th align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Effect</font></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Drag the titlebar with the
middle mouse button</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Move the window without changing
it's stacking order.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Drag the titlebar while holding
the Control key</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Move the window without focusing
it.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Drag the client area or
resizebar while holding the Meta key</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Move the window.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.2.4"></a>
<h3><a name="2.2.4">2.2.4 Resizing a Window</a></h3><a name="2.2.4"></a> The size of a window can be adjusted by
dragging the resizebar.<br />
<br />
<center>
<img src="guide/images/resizebar.gif" border="0" width="470" height="47" alt="[A Resizebar]" />
</center><br />
<br />
Depending on the place you click to drag the resizebar, the resize operation is constrained to a direction.<br />
<br />
<br />
<font face="Helvetica"><b>To resize a window</b></font>
<ul type="disc">
<li><font face="Helvetica">To change the window's height, click in the middle region of the resizebar and drag it
vertically.<br />
<br /></font></li>
<li><font face="Helvetica">To change the window's width, click in either end regions of the resizebar and drag it
horizontally.<br />
<br /></font></li>
<li><font face="Helvetica">To change both height and width at the same time, click in either end regions of the
resizebar and drag it diagonally.</font></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<h3><b>Extra Bindings</b></h3>
<center>
<table border="0" width="80%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman"><b>Action</b></font></th>
<th align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman"><b>Effect</b></font></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Drag the window in the client
area with the Right mouse button, while holding the Meta key</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Resizes the window.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Drag the resizebar with the
middle mouse button</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Resize the window without
bringing it to the front</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Drag the resizebar while holding
the Control key</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Resize the window without
focusing it.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.2.5"></a>
<h3><a name="2.2.5">2.2.5 Miniaturizing a Window</a></h3><a name="2.2.5"></a><br />
If you want to temporarily get rid of a window, you can miniaturize it. When miniaturizing a window, it will shrink
into a miniwindow with a icon and a title that is placed at the bottom of the screen.<br />
<br />
<center>
<img src="guide/imagtitle.gif" border="0" width="200" height="50" alt="[A Titlebar]" />
</center><br />
<br />
<center>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="40%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left"><img src="guide/images/mini.gif" border="0" width="64" height="64" alt="[A Mini-window]" /></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">A mini-window</font></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center><br />
<br />
You can move the miniwindow around the screen by dragging it. Unlike application icons, miniwindows cannot be
docked.<br />
<br />
To restore a window from it's miniwindow, double click the miniwindow. The window will be restored in the current
workspace, with the same position, size and contents as it had before miniaturization.<br />
<br />
<br />
<font face="Helvetica"><b>To miniaturize a window:</b></font>
<ul type="disc">
<li><font face="Helvetica">Click on the miniaturize button.<br />
<br />
OR<br />
<br /></font></li>
<li><font face="Helvetica">Use the keyboard shortcut assigned to this action, Meta+m in the default
configuration.</font></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
You can also restore all miniaturized and hidden windows of a given application by double clicking in it's application
icon with the middle mouse button.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.2.6"></a>
<h3><a name="2.2.6">2.2.6 Shading a Window</a></h3><a name="2.2.6"></a> If you want to temporarily get rid of a window,
an option for it's miniaturization is to <i>shade</i> it. When you shade a window, the window rolls up to it's
titlebar. You can do almost everything you do with a normal window with shaded windows, like miniaturizing or closing
it.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<font face="Helvetica"><b>To shade a window:</b></font>
<ul type="disc">
<li><font face="Helvetica">Double Click on the titlebar of the window.</font></li>
</ul>
<center>
<img src="guide/images/shade.gif" border="0" width="287" height="279" alt="[A Shaded window]" />
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.2.7"></a>
<h3><a name="2.2.7">2.2.7 Closing a Window</a></h3><a name="2.2.7"></a> After finishing work in a window, you can close
it to completely get rid of it. When you close a window, it is removed from the screen and can no longer be restored.
So, before closing a window, be sure you have saved any work you were doing on it.<br />
<br />
<center>
<img src="guide/imagtitle2.gif" border="0" width="200" height="50" alt="A Titlebar with a close button" />
</center><br />
<br />
Some windows will have a close button with some dots around it. These windows can't be closed normally and the only way
to get rid of them is by exiting the application. You should try exiting from inside the application (through it's
menus or buttons) when possible. Otherwise you can force WindowMaker to ``kill'' the application.<br />
<br />
<br />
<font face="Helvetica"><b>To force the closure of a window (by killing the application):</b></font>
<ul type="disc">
<li><font face="Helvetica">Hold the Control key and click on the close button.<br />
<br />
OR<br />
<br /></font></li>
<li><font face="Helvetica">Double click the close button.</font></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
It is also possible to kill applications that can be normally closed by clicking the close button while holding the
Control key.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.2.8"></a>
<h3><a name="2.2.8">2.2.8 Maximizing a Window</a></h3><a name="2.2.8"></a> If you want to resize a window to occupy the
whole screen, you can maximize the window. When you unmaximize it, the window will be restored to the same position and
size it was before maximized.<br />
<br />
<br />
<font face="Helvetica"><b>To maximize a window:</b></font>
<ul type="disc">
<li><font face="Helvetica">Hold the Control key and double click on the window titlebar to resize the window's height
to full screen.<br />
<br />
OR<br />
<br /></font></li>
<li><font face="Helvetica">Hold the Shift key and double click on the window titlebar to resize the window's width to
full screen.<br />
<br />
OR<br />
<br /></font></li>
<li><font face="Helvetica">Hold both the Control and Shift keys and double click on the window titlebar to resize
both window's height and width to full screen.</font></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<br />
<font face="Helvetica"><b>To restore the size of a maximized window:</b></font>
<ul type="disc">
<li><font face="Helvetica">Hold the Control OR Shift key and double click on the window titlebar.</font></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
You can select whether the window should be maximized to the whole screen or if the position of the Dock should be
accounted for by setting the <i>WinDock</i> option.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.2.9"></a>
<h3><a name="2.2.9">2.2.9 The Window Commands Menu</a></h3><a name="2.2.9"></a> Clicking on the titlebar of a window
with the right mouse button will open a menu containing commands that will apply to that window. The menu can also be
opened through the keyboard with the Control+Escape key, by default.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table border="0" width="90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">(Un)Maximize</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Will either maximize the window
horizontally and vertically, or, if the window is a;ready maximized, restore the window to the size it was
prior to being maximized.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Miniaturize</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Will miniaturize the
window.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">(Un)Shade</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Will shade the window, or
unshade it if it is already shaded.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Hide</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Will hide all the windows of the
application</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Hide Others</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Will hide all current
applications except the current one</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Move To</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Allows you to move the window to
a different workspace</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Attributes...</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Opens the Window Attributes
Inspector (see section <a href="#2.3">2.3</a>
)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Close</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Will close the
window</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Kill</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Will kill the application. Use
this option only if the application does not provide means to close it normally, or in extreme
cases.</font></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center><a name="2.3"></a>
<h2><a name="2.3">2.3 The Window Attributes Inspector</a></h2><a name="2.3"></a> <a name="2.3.1"></a>
<h3><a name="2.3.1">2.3.1 Window Specification</a></h3><a name="2.3.1"></a> This panel Allows you to specify the
WM_CLASS that WindowMaker should use to identify the window whose attributes you are setting.<br />
<br />
<center>
<img src="guide/images/wiaspec.gif" border="0" width="262" height="374" alt=
"[Window Attributes Inspector: Window Specification]" />
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.3.2"></a>
<h3><a name="2.3.2">2.3.2 Window Attributes</a></h3><a name="2.3.2"></a> This panel lets you set the attributes for the
selected window.<br />
<br />
<center>
<img src="guide/images/wiaattrib.gif" border="0" width="262" height="374" alt=
"[Window Attributes Inspector: Window Attributes]" />
</center><br />
<br />
<center>
<table border="0" width="90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Disable titlebar</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the titlebar for the
selected window not to be displayed</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Disable resizebar</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the resizebar for the
selected window not to be displayed</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Disable close
button</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the close button for the
selected window not to be displayed</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Disable miniaturize
button</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the miniaturize button
for the selected window not to be displayed</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Keep on Top</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the selected window to
stay on top of all other windows</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Omnipresent</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the selected window to be
displayed in all workspaces</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Start miniaturized</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the selected window to
start miniaturized</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Skip window list</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the select window to be
skipped when cycling through the window list.</font></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.3.3"></a>
<h3><a name="2.3.3">2.3.3 Advanced Options</a></h3><a name="2.3.3"></a><br />
<br />
<center>
<img src="guide/images/wiaadvanced.gif" border="0" width="262" height="374" alt=
"[Window Attributes Inspector: Advanced Options]" />
</center><br />
<br />
<center>
<table border="0" width="90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Ignore HideOthers</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the selected window to
remain visible when <b>HideOthers</b> is selected from the <a href=
"#2.2.9">Window Commands Menu</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Don't bind keyboard
shortcuts</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the selected window to
receive ALL keyboard events</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Don't bind mouse
clicks</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the selected window to
receive all mouse-click events</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Keep Inside Screen</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the selected window not
to be able to place itself off the screen</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Don't let it take
focus</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the selected window not
to be able to take input focus</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Don't Save Session</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Causes the state of the selected
window not to be saved when a session is saved. (either when quitting WindowMaker, or when done
manually.)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Emulate Application
Icon</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Emulates an Application Icon for
"broken" applications</font></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.3.4"></a>
<h3><a name="2.3.4">2.3.4 Icon and Initial Workspace</a></h3><a name="2.3.4"></a> This panel allows you to
<b>browse</b> for, and <b>update</b> the <b>mini-window image</b> for the selected window, as well as setting the
<b>initial workspace.</b><br />
<br />
<center>
<img src="guide/images/wiaiandiw.gif" border="0" width="262" height="374" alt=
"[Window Attributes Inspector: Icon and Initia Workspace]" />
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="2.3.5"></a>
<h3><a name="2.3.5">2.3.5 Application Specific</a></h3><a name="2.3.5"></a> Attributes specific to the selected
application<br />
<br />
<center>
<img src="guide/images/wiaappspec.gif" border="0" width="262" height="374" alt=
"[Window Attributes Inspector: Icon and Initia Workspace]" />
</center><br />
<br />
<table border="0" width="90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Start hidden</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Starts the selected application in
a hidden state</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">No application icon</font></th>
<td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Disables the application icon for
the selected application</font></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><br />
<br />
<br />

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---
layout: default
title: User Guide - Windows
---
Windows
=======
Anatomy of a Window
-------------------
Generally an application will have the following layout:
.. figure:: guide/images/anatomy.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: Anatomy of a Window
Titlebar
The titlebar presents the name of the application, document or window. It's
color indicates the keyboard focus state and type of the window. You can use
it to move, activate, raise, lower and access the window commands menu.
Miniaturize button
You can click on the miniaturize button to miniaturize/iconify a window or
click it with the **Meta** key pressed to hide the application.
Close Button
The close button can be used to close a window or kill the application, if
the application can't understand the close message.
Resizebar
You use the resizebar to (surprise!) resize a window.
Client Area
The client area is where the application show it's information. If the
window if inactive, you can click on it to activate it.
Working With Windows
--------------------
Focusing a Window
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Windows can be in two states: *focused*, or *unfocused.* The focused window
(also called the key or active window) has a black titlebar and is the window
that receives keyboard input, ie: where you can type text. Usually it's the
window where you work on. Only one window may be focused at a time. Unfocused
windows have a light gray titlebar. Some applications have a special type of
window, called dialog windows transient windows or panels. When these windows
are active, the window that owns them (the main window) get a dark gray
titlebar. As soon as the dialog window is closed, the focus is returned to the
owner window.
The image below shows an active Open File panel and it's owner window.
.. figure:: guide/images/focus.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: Focused, Unfocused, and Parent Window
There are three styles of window focusing:
**Click-to-Focus**, or manual focus mode. In click-to-focus mode, you
explicitly choose the window that should be focused. This is the default mode.
**Focus-Follow-Mouse**, or auto-focus mode. In this mode, the focused window is
chosen based on the position of the mouse pointer. The window below the mouse
pointer is always the focused window.
**Sloppy-Focus**, or semi-auto-focus mode. This is similar to the
focus-follow-mouse mode, but if you move the pointer from a window to the root
window, the window will not loose focus.
You can choose between these modes with the *FocusMode* option.
To focus a window in **Click-To-Focus** mode:
- Click on the titlebar, resizebar or in the client area of the window with the
left or right mouse button.
OR
- Click on the titlebar with the middle mouse button. This will focus the
window without bringing it to the front.
OR
- Open the window list menu and select the window to focus.
When you click in the client area of an inactive window to set the focus, the
click is normally processed by the application. If you find this behaviour a
little confusing, you can make the application ignore this click by using the
*IgnoreFocusClick* option.
To focus a window in **Focus-Follow-Mouse** mode:
- Move the pointer over the window you want to focus.
Reordering Overlapping Windows
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Windows can overlap other windows, making some windows be over or in front of
others.
To bring a window to the front:
- Click on the titlebar or resizebar of the desired window with the left mouse
button.
OR
- Select the desired window from the Window List menu.
Dialog/transient windows are always placed over their owner windows, unless the
*OnTopTransients* option is disabled. Some windows have a special attribute
that allow them be permanently over normal windows. You can make specific
windows have this attribute use the *AlwaysOnTop* window option or set it in
the Window Inspector panel.
**Extra Bindings**
+------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Action | Effect |
+====================================+======================================+
| Meta-Click on the window titlebar, | Sends the window to the |
| with the left mouse button | back. |
+------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Meta-Click on the Client Area of | Brings the window to the front and |
| the window with the left mouse | focuses it. |
| button. | |
+------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Hold the Meta key and press the Up | Brings the current focused window to |
| Arrow key | the front. |
+------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Hold the Meta key and press the | Sends the current focused window to |
| Down Arrow key | the back. |
+------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
Moving a Window
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To move the window around the screen, drag the window through it's titlebar
with the left mouse button pressed. This will also bring the window to the
front and focus the window.
To move a window:
- Click on the titlebar of the window you want to move with the left mouse
button and drag it with the button pressed.
While you move the window, a little box will appear in the screen, indicating
the current window position in pixels, relative to the top left corner of the
screen. You can change the location of this position box by hitting the Shift
key during the move operation.
In some rare occasions, it is possible for a window to be placed off screen.
This can happen with some buggy applications. To bring a window back to the
visible screen area, select the window in the Window List menu. You can prevent
windows from doing that with the *DontMoveOff* window attribute.
**Extra Bindings**
+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Action | Effect |
+=====================================+=======================================+
| Drag the titlebar with the middle | Move the window without changing it's |
| mouse button | stacking order. |
+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Drag the titlebar while holding the | Move the window without focusing it. |
| Control key | |
+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Drag the client area or resizebar | Move the window. |
| while holding the Meta key | |
+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
Resizing a Window
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The size of a window can be adjusted by dragging the resizebar.
.. figure:: guide/images/resizebar.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: A Resizebar
Depending on the place you click to drag the resizebar, the resize operation is
constrained to a direction.
To resize a window:
- To change the window's height, click in the middle region of the resizebar
and drag it vertically.
- To change the window's width, click in either end regions of the resizebar
and drag it horizontally.
- To change both height and width at the same time, click in either end regions
of the resizebar and drag it diagonally.
**Extra Bindings**
+------------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Action | Effect |
+====================================+====================================+
| Drag the window in the client area | Resizes the window. |
| with the Right mouse button, while | |
| holding the Meta key | |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Drag the resizebar with the middle | Resize the window without bringing |
| mouse button | it to the front |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Drag the resizebar while holding | Resize the window without focusing |
| the Control key | it. |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------------+
Miniaturizing a Window
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you want to temporarily get rid of a window, you can miniaturize it.
.. figure:: guide/images/title.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: A Titlebar
When miniaturizing a window, it will shrink into a miniwindow with a icon and a
title that is placed at the bottom of the screen.
.. figure:: guide/images/mini.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: A Mini-window
A mini-window
You can move the miniwindow around the screen by dragging it. Unlike
application icons, miniwindows cannot be docked.
To restore a window from it's miniwindow, double click the miniwindow. The
window will be restored in the current workspace, with the same position, size
and contents as it had before miniaturization.
To miniaturize a window:
- Click on the miniaturize button
OR
- Use the keyboard shortcut assigned to this action, Meta+m in the default
configuration.
You can also restore all miniaturized and hidden windows of a given application
by double clicking in it's application icon with the middle mouse button.
Shading a Window
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you want to temporarily get rid of a window, an option for it's
miniaturization is to *shade* it. When you shade a window, the window rolls up
to it's titlebar. You can do almost everything you do with a normal window with
shaded windows, like miniaturizing or closing it.
To shade a window:
- Double Click on the titlebar of the window.
.. figure:: guide/images/shade.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: A Shaded window
Closing a Window
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
After finishing work in a window, you can close it to completely get rid of it.
When you close a window, it is removed from the screen and can no longer be
restored. So, before closing a window, be sure you have saved any work you were
doing on it.
.. figure:: guide/images/imagtitle2.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: A Titlebar with a close button
Some windows will have a close button with some dots around it. These windows
can't be closed normally and the only way to get rid of them is by exiting the
application. You should try exiting from inside the application (through it's
menus or buttons) when possible. Otherwise you can force WindowMaker to
``kill`` the application.
To force the closure of a window (by killing the application):
- Hold the Control key and click on the close button.
OR
- Double click the close button.
It is also possible to kill applications that can be normally closed by
clicking the close button while holding the Control key.
Maximizing a Window
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you want to resize a window to occupy the whole screen, you can maximize the
window. When you unmaximize it, the window will be restored to the same
position and size it was before maximized.
To maximize a window:
- Hold the Control key and double click on the window titlebar to resize the
window's height to full screen.
OR
- Hold the Shift key and double click on the window titlebar to resize the
window's width to full screen.
OR
- Hold both the Control and Shift keys and double click on the window titlebar
to resize both window's height and width to full screen.
To restore the size of a maximized window:
- Hold the Control OR Shift key and double click on the window titlebar.
You can select whether the window should be maximized to the whole screen or if
the position of the Dock should be accounted for by setting the *WinDock*
option.
The Window Commands Menu
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Clicking on the titlebar of a window with the right mouse button will open a
menu containing commands that will apply to that window. The menu can also be
opened through the keyboard with the Control+Escape key, by default.
(Un)Maximize
Will either maximize the window horizontally and vertically, or, if the
window is already maximized, restore the window to the size it was prior to
being maximized.
Miniaturize
Will miniaturize the window.
(Un)Shade
Will shade the window, or unshade it if it is already shaded.
Hide
Will hide all the windows of the application
Hide Others
Will hide all current applications except the current one
Move To
Allows you to move the window to a different workspace
Attributes...
Opens the Window Attributes Inspector (see section `2.3 <#2.3>`)
Close
Will close the window
Kill
Will kill the application. Use this option only if the application does not
provide means to close it normally, or in extreme cases.
The Window Attributes Inspector
-------------------------------
Window Specification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This panel Allows you to specify the WM_CLASS that WindowMaker should use to
identify the window whose attributes you are setting.
.. figure:: guide/images/wiaspec.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: Window Attributes Inspector: Window Specification
Window Attributes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This panel lets you set the attributes for the selected window.
.. figure:: guide/images/wiaattrib.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: Window Attributes Inspector: Window Attributes
Disable titlebar
Causes the titlebar for the selected window not to be displayed
Disable resizebar
Causes the resizebar for the selected window not to be displayed
Disable close button
Causes the close button for the selected window not to be displayed
Disable miniaturize button
Causes the miniaturize button for the selected window not to be displayed
Keep on Top
Causes the selected window to stay on top of all other windows
Omnipresent
Causes the selected window to be displayed in all workspaces
Start miniaturized
Causes the selected window to start miniaturized
Skip window list
Causes the select window to be skipped when cycling through the window list.
Advanced Options
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. figure:: guide/images/wiaadvanced.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: Window Attributes Inspector: Advanced Options
Ignore HideOthers
Causes the selected window to remain visible when **HideOthers** is selected
from the `Window Commands Menu <#2.2.9>`_
Don't bind keyboard shortcuts
Causes the selected window to receive ALL keyboard events
Don't bind mouse clicks
Causes the selected window to receive all mouse-click events
Keep Inside Screen
Causes the selected window not to be able to place itself off the screen
Don't let it take focus
Causes the selected window not to be able to take input focus
Don't Save Session
Causes the state of the selected window not to be saved when a session is
saved. (either when quitting WindowMaker, or when done manually.)
Emulate Application Icon
Emulates an Application Icon for "broken" applications
Icon and Initial Workspace
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This panel allows you to **browse** for, and **update** the **mini-window
image** for the selected window, as well as setting the **initial workspace**.
.. figure:: guide/images/wiaiandiw.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: Window Attributes Inspector: Icon and Initia Workspace
Application Specific
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Attributes specific to the selected application
.. figure:: guide/images/wiaappspec.gif
:figclass: borderless
:alt: Window Attributes Inspector: Icon and Initia Workspace
Start hidden
Starts the selected application in a hidden state
No application icon
Disables the application icon for the selected application