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Doug Torrance
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docs/guidedtour/win.html
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docs/guidedtour/win.html
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---
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layout: default
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title: Guided Tour - Windows
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---
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<h1>
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<center>Windows</center>
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</h1>
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<center><a href="index.html">Back
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to Index</a>
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</center>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#desc">Description</a></li>
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<li><a href="#focus">Focusing</a></li>
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<li><a href="#order">Reordering</a></li>
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<li><a href="#move">Moving</a></li>
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<li><a href="#max">Maximizing</a></li>
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<li><a href="#mini">Miniturizing</a></li>
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<li><a href="#size">Resizing</a></li>
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<li><a href="#shade">Shading</a></li>
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<li><a href="#hide">Hiding</a></li>
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<li><a href="#close">Closing</a></li>
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<li><a href="#menu">Commands menu</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a id="desc">Description</a></h2>
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<p>General layout of a window:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><em>Titlebar</em>: Gives the name of the application, document
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or window. It's color (usually) indicates the focus state (active or
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inactive window). I say (usually) because some styles and themes do not
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provide different colors for focused or unfocused windows - although
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this is rare (and, I might add, cruel!).</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><em>Miniaturize button</em>:
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Clicking on the left button of the titlebar iconifies the window.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><em>Close button</em>:
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Clicking on the right button of the titlebar closes the window or kills
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the application.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><em>Resizebar</em>:
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The bottom part of the window. Dragging the resizebar with the mouse
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resizes the window.</p>
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</li>
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<li><em>Client area</em>:
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The window content. It can be an application, some text, a picture... </li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a id="focus">Focusing</a></h2>
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<p>A window can be in two states: focused or unfocused. The focused
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window is the active window, the one receiving keystrokes. It's
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titlebar has a differentiated color (usually!). Dialog windows or
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panels opened
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from a main window, automatically get the focus. As soon as they are
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closed, the main window gets the focus back.</p>
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<p>Two modes are available to focus a window:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><em>Click to focus mode</em>: clicking on any part of the window
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activates it.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><em>Focus follows mouse mode</em>: moving the mouse pointer over
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the window activates it. </p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a id="order">Reordering</a></h2>
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<p>Windows can overlap other windows, in which case some will hide all
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or part of others. Clicking on the titlebar or resizebar with the left
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mouse button brings a window to the "front" (gives that window focus).
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Selecting a window from the window list menu does the same.</p>
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<p>Some key bindings are provided and are very useful when a window is
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hidden behind others.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><em>Meta key + click on the titlebar with left mouse button</em>-<br>
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sends the window to the back and gives focus to the topmost window.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><em>Meta key + click on the client area with left mouse button</em>-<br>
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brings the window to the front and focuses it.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><em>Meta key + Up Arrow key</em>-<br>
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brings the current focused window to the front.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><em>Meta key + Down Arrow key</em>-<br>
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sends the current focused window to the back.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Many window attributes can be modified from the attributes panel in
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the window commands menu (clicking the right mouse button on the
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titlebar). From version 0.62.0, window cycling was changed to Windows
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style (Alt-Tab).</p>
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<h2><a id="move">Moving</a></h2>
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<p>Clicking on the titlebar of a window and dragging it with the left
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mouse button pressed moves the window.
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The little box in the middle indicates the current position in pixels
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relative to the top left corner of the screen (+0 +0).
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Extra key bindings give more flexibility.
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- Dragging the titlebar with middle mouse button: moves the window
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without changing it's stacking order.
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- Dragging the titlebar + Ctrl key: moves the window without focusing
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it.
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- Dragging the client area or the resizebar + Meta key: moves the
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window.</p>
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<h2><a id="max">Maximizing</a></h2>
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<p>Double-clicking the titlebar while holding the Ctrl key resizes the
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window's height to full screen.</p>
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<p>Double-clicking the titlebar while holding the Shift key resizes the
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window's width to full screen.</p>
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<p>Double-clicking the titlebar while holding both Ctrl and Shift keys
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resizes the window's height and width to full screen.
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Double-clicking the titlebar while holding Ctrl or Shift key restores
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the initial size of the window.</p>
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<p>To prevent a maximized window from covering the dock, the "Keep on
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top" option must be selected from the dock menu.</p>
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<h2><a id="mini">Miniaturizing</a></h2>
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<p>Clicking the miniaturize button (the left one on the titlebar)
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shrinks the window into a miniwindow with an icon and a title and
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places it at the bottom of the screen. Hitting the assigned shortcut
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does the same. (Default is Meta + m.)</p>
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<p>The miniwindow is different from the application icon in that the
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miniwindow cannot be docked.</p>
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<p>Double-clicking in the miniwindow restores a miniaturized window.
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Double-clicking in an application icon with the middle mouse button
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restores all miniaturized and hidden windows of this application.</p>
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<h2><a id="size">Resizing</a></h2>
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<p>The resizebar, at the bottom of the window, is divided into three
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regions: left end region, middle region and right end region.</p>
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<p>Depending upon the region you click, the resize operation is
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constrained to one direction. </p>
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<p>Clicking in the middle region of the resizebar and dragging it
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vertically changes the window's height.</p>
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<p>Clicking in either the left or right region of the resizebar and
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dragging it horizontally changes the window's width. </p>
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<p>Dragging with Shift key pressed gives the same result. Clicking in
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either end region of the resizebar and dragging it diagonally changes
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both height and width.</p>
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<p>Key bindings give more options.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Dragging the window in the client area with the right mouse
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button + Meta key resizes the window.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Dragging the resizebar with the middle mouse button resizes the
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window without bringing it to the front.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Dragging the resizebar + Ctrl key resizes the window without
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focusing it.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a id="shade">Shading</a></h2>
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<p>Double-clicking on the titlebar of a window shades it.
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This means the window rolls up to it's titlebar. A shaded window has
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almost the same properties as a normal window. It can be miniaturized
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or closed.</p>
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<p>From version 0.80.0, you can shade/unshade a window using a mouse
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wheel on its titlebar. This of course, assumes your system is able to
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manage a mouse wheel. The WMGLOBAL file in you $HOME/GNUstep/Defaults
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should contain two new directives : MouseWheelUp and MouseWheelDown.</p>
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<h2><a id="hide">Hiding</a></h2>
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<p>Clicking the the miniaturize button (the left one on the titlebar)
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with the right mouse button hides the application.
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Using the middle mouse button unhides the application, simultaneously
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opening the windows list menu and selecting the hidden application.
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(Pressing both buttons at once with a two buttons mouse does the same
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on some OSes.) If this doesn't work, use the F11 key binding (the
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default) to open the windows list menu.</p>
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<h2><a id="close">Closing</a></h2>
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<p>Clicking the close button (the right one on the titlebar) closes the
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window. When the close button has a different form (not an X), it means
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an application is running in that window.
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Double-clicking in this close button kills the application. This can be
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done too with <em>Ctrl key + clicking the close button</em>.</p>
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<p>Usually, it's much better to exit an application from inside
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(through it's menu, for instance).</p>
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<h2><a id="menu">Commands menu</a></h2>
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<p>Clicking on the titlebar of a window with the right mouse button
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opens a menu containing commands applying to this window. The keyboard
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shortcut Ctrl + Esc can replace the click on the titlebar. Esc closes
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this menu.</p>
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<p><strong>List of Commands Menu commands:</strong></p>
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<p><em>Maximize/Unmaximize</em>:<br>
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Either maximizes or returns the window to it's initial state.</p>
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<p><em>Miniaturize</em>:<br>
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Miniaturizes the window (miniwindow). The keyboard shortcut is Meta + m.</p>
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<p><em>Shade/Unshade</em>: Shades (or unshades) the window.</p>
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<p><em>Hide</em>:<br>
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Hides all windows of the application. Clicking on the application icon
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unhides the windows.</p>
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<p><em>Hide Others</em>:<br>
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From version 0.80.1 it is possible to hide all others windows. The
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window list menu allows to unhide selecting the window to redisplay.</p>
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<p><em>Resize/Move</em>:<br>
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When this menu option is selected, the window is ready to be moved or
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resized (the little box with coordinates is displayed inside the
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window). Clicking on the titlebar deselects the option.</p>
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<p><em>Select</em>:<br>
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Obviously selects the window which then can be moved or resized...
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Reselecting this option deselects the window.</p>
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<p><em>Move to</em>:<br>
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Allows to move the window to another workspace (if existing!).</p>
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<p><em>Attributes</em>:<br>
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Opens the attributes panel to edit attributes and options for the
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window.</p>
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<p>Five options are available in this panel: Window specification,
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Window attributes, Advanced options, Icon and initial workspace and
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application specific.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Window specification: Defines that the configuration will apply
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to windows having their WM_CLASS property set to the selected name.
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This is because windows can have different names.
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From version 0.65.0, you can select the window to get the right
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specification.</li>
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<li>
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<p>Window attributes: selecting the corresponding checkbox allows
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to: </p>
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<ul>
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<li>disable titlebar</li>
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<li>disable resizebar</li>
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<li>disable close button</li>
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<li>disable miniaturize button</li>
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<li>disable border</li>
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<li>keep on top</li>
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<li>keep at bottom</li>
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<li>omnipresent</li>
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<li>start miniaturized</li>
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<li>start maximized</li>
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<li>full screen maximization</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Advanced options: selecting the corresponding checkbox allows
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to: </p>
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<ul>
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<li>don't bind keyboard shortcuts</li>
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<li>don't bind mouse clicks</li>
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<li>don't show in the window list</li>
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<li>don't let the window take focus</li>
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<li>keep inside screen</li>
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<li>ignore "Hide others"</li>
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<li>ignore "Save session"</li>
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<li>emulate application icon</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Icon and initial workspace: allow to </p>
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<ul>
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<li>choose an icon browsing directories</li>
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<li>ignore client supplied icon when selecting the checkbox</li>
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<li>define initial workspace</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Application specific: selecting checkboxes allows to:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>start hidden or with no application icon</li>
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<li>collapse application icons (from version 0.65.0)</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>From version 0.80.0 a new checkbox is available : "Shared
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application icon". It replaces the "Collapse application icon"
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checkbox. That is, you can have many open windows from the same
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application with only one appicon. This feature is on by default except
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for some incompatible applications. This behavior can be defined for
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all windows in the Window Specification inspector selecting the
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Defaults for all windows checkbox.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>You can revert to the old behavior changing SharedAppIcon to "No" in
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the WMWindowAttributes file, either in the global domain or in the
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local domain : $HOME/GNUstep/Defaults.</p>
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<p><em>Options</em>:</p>
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<p>Submenu options allow to:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>to keep the window on top</li>
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<li>to keep the window at bottom</li>
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<li>to keep the window omnipresent</li>
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<li>to set shortcuts for the window</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Ten shortcuts are available as soon as they have been set in the
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keyboard shortcut dialog. The shortcuts to define are those named
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"Shortcut for window + figure". Then, using the defined shortcut gives
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the focus to the window.</p>
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<p><em>Close</em>:<br>
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Closes the window</p>
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<p><em>Kill</em>:<br>
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Kills the application.
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Usually, an application must be closed from inside (menu or other
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means). This option is especially reserved for "emergency" cases.</p>
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user