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526 lines
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PHP
526 lines
24 KiB
PHP
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<!-- This manual is for WINDOW MAKER window manager, version git#next.
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Copyright (C) 2015 The Window Maker Team.
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
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with this program, see file COPYING for details. -->
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.1, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>Window Maker Internationalisation 1.0</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Window Maker Internationalisation 1.0">
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<meta name="keywords" content="Window Maker Internationalisation 1.0">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link href="#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="dir.html#Top" rel="up" title="(dir)">
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<link href="title.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
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</head>
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<body lang="en">
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<?php include("dock.php"); ?>
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<?php include("header.php"); ?>
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<a name="Top"></a>
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<a name="Window-Maker-Internationalisation"></a>
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<h1 class="top">Window Maker Internationalisation</h1>
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<p>A guide to enable support for language translations
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in <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> and to the contributors
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who want to help translating.
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</p>
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<a name="SEC_Contents"></a>
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<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
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<div class="contents">
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<ul class="no-bullet">
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<li><a name="toc-Enabling-Languages-support-1" href="#Enabling-Languages-support">1 Enabling Languages support</a>
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<ul class="no-bullet">
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<li><a name="toc-Getting-the-list-of-supported-languages" href="#Getting-the-list-of-supported-languages">1.1 Getting the list of supported languages</a></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Translations-for-Menus" href="#Translations-for-Menus">1.2 Translations for Menus</a></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Setting-LINGUAS-at-system-level" href="#Setting-LINGUAS-at-system-level">1.3 Setting <code>LINGUAS</code> at system level</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Choosing-the-Language-1" href="#Choosing-the-Language">2 Choosing the Language</a></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Troubleshooting-1" href="#Troubleshooting">3 Troubleshooting</a></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Contribute-to-Translations-1" href="#Contribute-to-Translations">4 Contribute to Translations</a>
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<ul class="no-bullet">
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<li><a name="toc-Install-the-latest-sources" href="#Install-the-latest-sources">4.1 Install the latest sources</a></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Updating-the-Translations" href="#Updating-the-Translations">4.2 Updating the Translations</a></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Translate-the-Man-Pages" href="#Translate-the-Man-Pages">4.3 Translate the Man Pages</a></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Checking-the-Result" href="#Checking-the-Result">4.4 Checking the Result</a></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Submitting-your-Contribution" href="#Submitting-your-Contribution">4.5 Submitting your Contribution</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<br>
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<p>This manual is for Window Maker, version git#next.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<a name="Enabling-Languages-support"></a>
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<a name="Enabling-Languages-support-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">1 Enabling Languages support</h2>
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<p><small>WINDOW MAKER</small> has the possibility to be translated in many languages, but by default none of
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them will be installed, and the support for translation will not be compiled.
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</p>
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<p>To enable the translation capabilities, you have to specify which language(s) you want to be
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installed: this is done with the variable <code>LINGUAS</code> when running the <code>configure</code> script.
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This variable should contain the space-separated list of languages you want to install.
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</p>
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<p>You could for instance enable both French (<code>fr</code>) and Dutch (<code>nl</code>) with this:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example">./configure LINGUAS="fr nl"
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</pre></div>
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<p>You can of course add any other option that you want to the <code>configure</code> command.
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From the moment you specify the variable, the <code>configure</code> script will check that you have
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the appropriate dependencies for this (basically the <code>gettext</code> function and the <code>libintl</code>
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library); when you run <code>make</code> to compile the project, it will also compile the translation
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(<code>mo</code> files) for the language(s) you asked (if available, of course), and during
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<code>make install</code> it will install them in the usual directory.
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</p>
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<p>The installation directory can be changed with the standard option <samp>--localedir</samp> to the
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<code>configure</code> script, the default path being
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<samp><em><prefix></em>/share/locale/<em><lang></em>/LC_MESSAGES</samp>).
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</p>
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<a name="Getting-the-list-of-supported-languages"></a>
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<h3 class="section">1.1 Getting the list of supported languages</h3>
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<p>The naming convention for the languages follows the <cite>ISO 639-1</cite> standard,
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for which you can find a summary list in the
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<a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Usual-Language-Codes.html">GNU gettext manual</a>.
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</p>
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<p>But as <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> does not support all of them, the <code>configure</code> script will print a
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warning for each language you specify that it does not know, and sum up at the end the list of
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enabled languages that will be installed.
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</p>
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<p>There is a non-standard possibility to set <code>LINGUAS</code> to <code>list</code>, in which case the
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<code>configure</code> script will provide you the list of languages it supports, and stop:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example">./configure LINGUAS="list"
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</pre></div>
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<p>There is also another non-standard possibility to enable all the languages that <small>WINDOW MAKER</small>
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supports by setting <code>LINGUAS</code> to <code>*</code>.
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This is an internal trick implemented so the development team can have the command
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<code>make distcheck</code> include some checks on translations:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example">./configure LINGUAS='*'
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</pre></div>
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<a name="Translations-for-Menus"></a>
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<h3 class="section">1.2 Translations for Menus</h3>
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<p>In order to propose an <em>Application Menu</em> (also called <em>Root Menu</em>) that is also
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translated in the language of the interface, <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> implements two complementary
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mechanisms:
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</p>
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<p>The first, always enabled when i18n support is enabled, is to look for the menu file containing the
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name of the locale.
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For example, if the file is called <samp>menu</samp> and the language is set as <code>LANG=fr_FR.utf-8</code>,
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then <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> will search for, and use the first match found:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li> <code>menu.fr_FR.utf-8</code>
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</li><li> <code>menu.fr_FR</code>
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</li><li> <code>menu.fr</code>
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</li><li> <code>menu</code>
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</li></ul>
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<p>The second possibility, which is not enabled by default, is to be able to use a custom <samp>po</samp>
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file which contains the translations for the text of the menu.
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This feature is enabled at compile time, using the option <samp>--with-menu-textdomain</samp> to the
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<code>configure</code> script. For example, if you specify:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example">./configure --with-menu-textdomain=WMMenu
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</pre></div>
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<p>then the translations for the menu will be searched in the file <samp>WMMenu.mo</samp> located
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at the standard location, the default path being
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<samp><em><prefix></em>/share/locale/<em><lang></em>/LC_MESSAGES/<em>WMMenu</em>.mo</samp>.
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</p>
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<p>If you do not enable the feature (the default behaviour, or with an explicit
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<samp>--without-menu-textdomain</samp>), then <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> will <b>not</b> try to translate the
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strings, even using its own domain file (<samp>WindowMaker.mo</samp>).
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</p>
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<a name="Setting-LINGUAS-at-system-level"></a>
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<h3 class="section">1.3 Setting <code>LINGUAS</code> at system level</h3>
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<p>As the variable <code>LINGUAS</code> is quite standard, you also have the possibility to set its value in
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the <samp>config.site</samp> file for <small>AUTOCONF</small>.
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This file can be placed in one of these paths:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li> <samp><em><prefix></em>/share/config.site</samp>
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</li><li> <samp><em><prefix></em>/etc/config.site</samp>
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</li></ul>
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<p>This way, the same language list will be used for all the programs that use <small>AUTOCONF</small> that you
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would compile.
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Please note that if you also specify a value on the command line, it will have precedence over the
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value in that file.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<a name="Choosing-the-Language"></a>
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<a name="Choosing-the-Language-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">2 Choosing the Language</h2>
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<p>If you have compiled and installed <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> with support for your language,
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the effective translation is done is the very same way as any other application on an <small>UNIX</small>
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system, you just have to set the shell variable <code>LANG</code> to your language before <code>wmaker</code>
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is started.
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In <code>sh</code> type of shell (<small>SH</small>, <small>KSH</small>, <small>BASH</small>, ...), this is done for example with
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(<code>fr</code> is for French):
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example">export LANG=fr
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</pre></div>
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<p>There is also a command line option <samp>--locale</samp> for <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> which may be used to set
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the language:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example">wmaker --locale fr
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</pre></div>
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<p>When using this option, <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> will use the locale you specified, redefining the
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<code>LANG</code> environment variable to this value so all program started from <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> will
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inherit its value.
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</p>
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<p>If your system is using <small>SYSTEMD</small>, you can also configure the locale at system level using the
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command:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example">localectl set-locale LANG=fr
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</pre></div>
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<p>You can check if the current value is properly supported with the command:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example">locale
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</pre></div>
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<p>If this does not work, you may need first to activate the support for your locale in the system;
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you can get the list of currently enabled locales with the command:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example">locale -a
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</pre></div>
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<p>You should be able to enable a new language support by editing the file <samp>/etc/locale.gen</samp> to
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uncomment the locale(s) you need (by removing the <code>#</code> character and space(s) in front of it,
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and by running the command <code>locale-gen</code> as root.
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</p>
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<p>For further information, you may wish to read dedicated documentation, for example from
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<a href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html">the Linux Documentation Project</a>
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or through pages like
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<a href="http://www.shellhacks.com/en/HowTo-Change-Locale-Language-and-Character-Set-in-Linux">Shell Hacks’ note on Changing Locale</a>.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<a name="Troubleshooting"></a>
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<a name="Troubleshooting-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">3 Troubleshooting</h2>
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<p>If I18N support does not work for you, check these:
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</p>
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<ul class="no-bullet">
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<li>- the <code>LANG</code> environment variable is set to your locale, and
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the locale is supported by your OS’s locale or X’s locale
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emulation. you can display all supported locales by
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executing "<code>locale -a</code>" command if it is available; you
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can check if your locale is supported by X’s locale emulation,
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see <samp>/usr/share/X11/locale/locale.alias</samp>
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</li><li>- check if you are using an appropriate fonts for the locale you
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chose. If you’re using a font set that has a different
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encoding than the one used by <small>XLIB</small> or <small>LIBC</small>, bad things can
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happen. Try specifically putting the encoding in the <code>LANG</code>
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variable, like <code>ru_RU.KOI8-R</code>. Again, see
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<samp>/usr/share/X11/locale/locale.alias</samp>
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</li><li>- the fonts you’re using support your locale. if your font
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setting on <samp>$HOME/GNUstep/Defaults/WindowMaker</samp> is like...
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example"> WindowTitleFont = "Trebuchet MS:bold:pixelsize=12";
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MenuTitleFont = "Trebuchet MS:bold:pixelsize=12";
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</pre></div>
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<p>then you can’t display Asian languages (<code>ja</code>, <code>ko</code>, <code>ch</code>, ...) characters using
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<code>Trebuchet MS</code>. A font that is guaranteed to work for any language is
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<code>sans</code> (or <code>sans-serif</code>). <code>sans</code> is not a font itself, but an alias which
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points to multiple fonts and will load the first in that list that
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has the ability to show glyphs in your language. If you don’t know
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a font that is suited for your language you can always set all your
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fonts to something like:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example"> "sans:pixelsize=12"
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</pre></div>
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<p>However, please note that if your font is something like:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example"> "Trebuchet MS,sans serif:pixelsize=12"
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</pre></div>
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<p>this will not be able to display Asian languages if any of the
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previous fonts before sans are installed. This is because unlike
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the proper font pickup that <code>sans</code> guarantees for your language,
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this construct only allows a font fallback mechanism, which tries
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all the fonts in the list in order, until it finds one that is
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available, even if it doesn’t support your language.
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</p>
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<p>Also you need to change font settings in style files in
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the <samp>$HOME/Library/WindowMaker/Style</samp> directory.
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</p>
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</li><li>- the <code>LC_CTYPE</code> environment variable is unset or it has the correct
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value. If you don’t know what is the correct value, unset it.
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</li></ul>
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<hr>
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<a name="Contribute-to-Translations"></a>
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<a name="Contribute-to-Translations-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">4 Contribute to Translations</h2>
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<p>You may have noticed that many translations are not up to date, because the code has evolved but the
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persons who initially contributed may not have had the time to continue, so any help is welcome.
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</p>
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<p>Since <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> 0.95.7 there are some targets to <code>make</code> that can help you in that
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task.
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</p>
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<a name="Install-the-latest-sources"></a>
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<h3 class="section">4.1 Install the latest sources</h3>
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<p>If you want to contribute, the first step is get the development branch of the code;
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this is done using <code>git</code>.
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If you do not feel confident at all with using <code>git</code>, you may also try to ask for a
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<em>snapshot</em> on the developer’s mailing list <a href="mailto:wmaker-dev@lists.windowmaker.org">wmaker-dev@lists.windowmaker.org</a>.
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With <code>git</code> the procedure is:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example"># Get your working copy of the sources
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git clone git://repo.or.cz/wmaker-crm.git
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# Go into that newly created directory
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cd wmaker-crm
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# Switch to the branch where everything happens
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git checkout next
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# Generate the configuration script
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./autogen.sh
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</pre></div>
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<p>Now you should have an up-to-date working copy ready to be compiled;
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you will not need to go the full way but you should run the <code>configure</code> script, so it will
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create the <samp>Makefile</samp>s, and you may want to compile the code once so it will not do it again
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automatically later while you are doing something else:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example"># Setup the build, enabling at least the language you want to work on
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./configure LINGUAS="<list of iso 639 country code>"
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# Compile the code once
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make
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</pre></div>
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<a name="Updating-the-Translations"></a>
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<h3 class="section">4.2 Updating the Translations</h3>
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<p>The typical process for translating one program is:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li> generate a POT file (PO Template):
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this is done with <code>xgettext</code> which searches for all the strings from the sources that can be
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translated;
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</li><li> update the PO file for your language:
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this is done with <code>msgmerge</code> which compares the PO file and aligns it to the latest
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template;
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</li><li> edit the new PO file:
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this is done by you with your favourite editor, to add the missing <code>msgstr</code>, review the
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possible <em>fuzzy matches</em>, ...
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</li><li> check the PO file:
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unfortunately there is no definitive method for this;
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</li><li> submit your contribution to the project:
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this is done with <code>git</code>.
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</li></ul>
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<p>In <small>WINDOW MAKER</small>, you have actually 4 <code>po</code> files to take care of:
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</p>
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<ul class="no-bullet">
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<li>- <samp>po/<em><lang></em>.po</samp>: for <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> itself
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</li><li>- <samp>WPrefs.app/po/<em><lang></em>.po</samp>: for the Preference Editor program
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</li><li>- <samp>WINGs/po/<em><lang></em>.po</samp>: for the graphic toolkit library
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</li><li>- <samp>util/po/<em><lang></em>.po</samp>: for the command-line tools of <small>WINDOW MAKER</small>
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>As stated previously, there is a <code>make</code> target that can help you to automatically generate
|
|
the POT and update the PO for these 4 cases:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example">make update-lang PO=<lang>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
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<p>Once run, it will have updated as needed the 4 <code>po</code> files against the latest source code.
|
|
You may wish to use the command <code>git gui</code> to view the changes;
|
|
you can now edit the files to complete the translation, correct them, remove deprecated stuff, ...
|
|
Please note that the encoding should be set to <em>UTF-8</em> as this is now the standard.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If you think an error message is too obscure, just ask on the developer mailing list
|
|
<a href="mailto:wmaker-dev@lists.windowmaker.org">wmaker-dev@lists.windowmaker.org</a>: in addition to clarifications there’s even a chance for the original message
|
|
to be improved!
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>You may find some information on working with <code>po</code> file in the
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<a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Editing.html">GNU gettext documentation</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<a name="Translate-the-Man-Pages"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.3 Translate the Man Pages</h3>
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|
|
|
<p>You may want to extend the translation to the documentation that is provided to users in the form
|
|
of Unix <i>man pages</i>.
|
|
The sources of the man pages are located in the <samp>doc/</samp> directory;
|
|
the translation should be placed in the directory <samp>doc/<i>lang</i>/</samp> with the same file name.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The directory will also need a file <samp>Makefile.am</samp> which provides the list of man pages to be
|
|
included in the distribution package and to be installed.
|
|
You can probably get inspiration from an existing one from another language;
|
|
if you do not feel confident about it do not hesitate to ask on the project’s mailing list
|
|
(<a href="mailto:wmaker-dev@lists.windowmaker.org">wmaker-dev@lists.windowmaker.org</a>), either for help or to ask someone to make it for you.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Please note that although most man pages sources are directly in man page format
|
|
(<em>nroff</em>, the file extension being a number), a few of them are processed by a script
|
|
(those with the <samp>.in</samp> extension, like <samp>wmaker.in</samp>).
|
|
This is done because in some case we want the man page to reflect the actual compilation options.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>You may not want to bother with this hassle, in which case you can simply name your translation
|
|
file with the <samp>.1</samp> and remove the special <code>@keyword@</code> marks.
|
|
If you are sure you want to keep that processing but do not feel confident about hacking the
|
|
<samp>Makefile.am</samp> do not hesitate to ask on the project’s mailing list (<a href="mailto:wmaker-dev@lists.windowmaker.org">wmaker-dev@lists.windowmaker.org</a>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<a name="Checking-the-Result"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.4 Checking the Result</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>In the <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> build tree you also have another target that can help you, it is
|
|
<code>make check</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>At current time, it does not check much, but if during the <code>make update-lang</code> new <code>po</code>
|
|
file have been created you may get some errors, because you have to add these new files to the
|
|
variable <var>EXTRA_DIST</var> in the corresponding <samp>Makefile</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If you do not feel confident about doing it, do not worry, just tell about it when you submit your
|
|
work, and some developer on the mailing list will just be happy to do it for you when integrating
|
|
your valuable contribution (we always like when someone helps making <small>WINDOW MAKER</small> better).
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<a name="Submitting-your-Contribution"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.5 Submitting your Contribution</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p><em>Preliminary Remark</em>: if the update process made changes in a <code>po</code> file but you did not
|
|
change any <code>msgstr</code> content, it is probably a good idea to not submit the changes to that
|
|
<code>po</code> file because it would just add noise.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>When you feel ready to send your changes, the first step is to prepare them.
|
|
This is done with <code>git</code>: if you have not run the <code>git gui</code> previously then it is a
|
|
good time to do it now.
|
|
This window offers you the possibility to show your changes and to decide what you want to send.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The window is divided in 4 panes:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> top-right show the current changes you have selected, for review
|
|
(and also for cherry-picking stuff if you want to select precisely)
|
|
|
|
</li><li> top-left ("Unstaged Changes") the list of files with changes to be send,
|
|
you can click on the name of the file to see the changes,
|
|
you can click on the icon of the file if you want to send all the changes in this file;
|
|
an icon in blue shows a file that have been changed and an icon in black shows a file that is new
|
|
|
|
</li><li> bottom-left ("Staged Changes") the list of files with changes that you have chosen to send so far,
|
|
you can click on the file name to view these changes,
|
|
you can click on the icon if you want to remove the changes from this file from the list to send
|
|
|
|
</li><li> bottom-right ("Commit Message") the message you want to attach to your changes when you submit them
|
|
to the development team
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>The idea here is to pick your changes to the <code>po</code> files;
|
|
for the <em>commit message</em> you may wish to stuck to a simple, single line:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>"Updated translations for <em><lang></em>"
|
|
</p></blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>The penultimate step is to click on the button <tt class="key">Sign Off</tt> (it will add a line in the commit
|
|
message), and then click on the button <tt class="key">Commit</tt>.
|
|
From this time, the commit message will clear itself and the "Staged Changes" also, showing that
|
|
your action was done.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>You may now quit the <code>git gui</code>, the final step begins by running this command:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example">git format-patch HEAD^
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>This will generate a file named like <samp>0001-<em>updated-translations-for-XX</em>.patch</samp>
|
|
which contains your changes, ready for sending.
|
|
The goal will now be to email this file to <a href="mailto:wmaker-dev@lists.windowmaker.org">wmaker-dev@lists.windowmaker.org</a>.
|
|
If you feel confident in having <code>git</code> send it for you, you may want to read the file
|
|
<samp>The-perfect-Window-Maker-patch.txt</samp> to see how to configure <code>git</code> for mailing, so you
|
|
can run:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example">git send-email 0001-<em>updated-translations-for-XX</em>.patch
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
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</body>
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</html>
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